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1.
Mali Médical ; 28(3): 58-62, 30/09/2022. Tables
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1397769

RESUMO

Introduction : L'infection néonatale bactérienne précoce (INBP) est une préoccupation majeure en néonatologie. Au Mali, aucune étude n'avait abordé cet aspect d'où l'initiation du présent travail afin d'étudier le profil épidémio-clinique, biologique et bactériologique de l'INBP. Matériel et méthodes :Il s'est agi d'une étude longitudinale descriptive qui s'est déroulée du 27 juin au 03 septembre 2016 ayant concerné les nouveau-nés d'âge ≤ à 72 heures hospitalisés pour INBP confirmée à l'hémoculture dans le service de néonatologie du département de pédiatrie du Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) Gabriel Touré de Bamako. Les paramètres étudiés étaient les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et obstétricales des mères, les caractéristiques cliniques, biologiques et bactériologiques des nouveau-nés infectés précocement. Résultats : Sur les 324 hémocultures réalisées, 52 étaient positives soit une fréquence d'INBP de 11,04 %. Le sex-ratio était de 1,3 avec 73,1% de petit poids de naissance. A l'admission, 90,4 % des nouveau-nés avait moins de 24 H de vie et 86, 5%étaient des naissances hors du CHU Gabriel Touré. Les principaux signes cliniques étaient l'hyperthermie ou l'hypothermie et la détresse respiratoire. Les principales bactéries isolées à l'hémoculture étaient Staphylococcus aureus (55,8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13,5 %) et Escherichia coli (07,7 %). La sensibilité à la biantibiothérapie de première intention (ceftriaxone + gentamicine)était faible (63,6%) et celle de l'amikacine était meilleure (100 %). La moitié des nouveau-nés infectés précocement est décédée et 19,2% d'exéat sans accord médical a été enregistrée. Conclusion: L'infection néonatale bactérienne précoce est une cause majeure de morbi-mortalité néonatale. Dans notre contexte, l'amikacine pourrait être une meilleure alternative thérapeutique


Introduction: Early neonatal bacterial infection (ENBI) is a major concern in neonatology. In Mali, no study had addressed this aspect, hence the initiation of this work to study the epidemiological-clinical, biological and bacteriological profile of ENBI. Materials and methods: This were a descriptive longitudinal study that took place from june 27 to september 3, 2016 involving newborns aged ≤ 72 hours hospitalized for ENBI confirmed by blood culture in the neonatology service of the pediatrics department of the Center Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) Gabriel Toure in Bamako. The parameters studied were the socio-demographic and obstetrical characteristics of the mothers, the clinical, biological and bacteriological characteristics of newborns infected early. Results: Of the 324 blood cultures performed, 52 were positive, i.e. an ENBI frequency of 11.04%. The sex ratio was 1.3 with 73.1% low birth weight. On admission, 90.4% of newborns had less than 24 hours of life and 86.5% were births outside the CHU Gabriel Toure. The main clinical signs were hyperthermia or hypothermia and respiratory distress. The main bacteria isolated in blood culture were Staphylococcus aureus (55.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.5%) and Escherichia coli (07.7%). Sensitivity to first-line biantibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone + gentamicin) was low (63.6%) and that of amikacin was better (100%). Half of the newborns infected early died and 19.2% of exeat without medical agreement was recorded. Conclusion: Early neonatal bacterial infection is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In our context, amikacin could be a better therapeutic alternative


Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas , Hipertermia , Doenças do Recém-Nascido , Infecções , Staphylococcus
2.
Arch Pediatr ; 18(9): 962-5, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21803552

RESUMO

Human parvovirus B19 (HP-19) is the only Parvoviridae known to be pathogenic in human. Studies of HP-19 infection and its associated life-threatening complications in sickle cell anemia patients have been reported in Europe and the US. These results justify the development of HP-B19 prevention and strategies to reduce the incidence of severe and life-threatening complications associated with the infection in patients with sickle cell anemia, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where the sickle cell anemia burden is high. In light of these considerations, we conducted a case-control study including 163 patients with sickle cell anemia and 163 controls. HP-B19 diagnosis was based on the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies specific for HP-B19 using commercially available enzyme immunoassays. Anti-human parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies were found in 105 of 193 (64.8%) patients vs 79 of 193 controls (48.4%). IgM antibodies were found at a higher frequency in sickle cell anemia patients than in controls. This higher frequency was found to be age-dependent. However, the reticulocyte count showed no significant decrease in Malian patients with sickle cell anemia. Further studies are needed to better characterize the implication of HP-B19 infection in sickle cell anemia mortality and morbidity and to develop preventive strategies and efficient management of the resulting complications.


Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Mali/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/sangue , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirus B19 Humano/imunologia , Parvovirus B19 Humano/isolamento & purificação
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